Barbara Kruger Research

Barbara Kruger was born on January 26, 1945 and is an American conceptual artist.   She is most well known for her black-and-white photographs overlaid with declarative captions in White and Red.   Kruger also taught an independent study program for 5 years at UCSD.  She first broke the ice in 1978 with her first photo.

 

Some works by Barbara Kruger –

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Abstract Photography

 

 

 

Abstract Photography:

  • Does not represent the subject in a literal way.
  • Communicates primarily through form, color, and curves rather than image detail.

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Personal Examples of Abstract Photography.

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Photo Documentary

Photojournalism – A type of Photography that uses images to tell a story, for example.  You could use a wrecked train in the desert to tell a story about how no one has ever survived the desert on their own or with a group of people, even with an automated vehicle.

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Photo Journalism VS. Photograph

A photograph and photojournalism are two different things by way of, A photograph is a still image of a subject you with to capture at that time.  It may or may not have a story behind it.  On the other hand photojournalism tells a story every time a picture is taken using that method.

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NPPA and the NPPA Code of Ethics

NPPA – “The National Press Photographers Association, a professional society that promotes the highest standards in visual journalism, acknowledges concern for every person’s need both to be fully informed about public events and to be recognized as part of the world in which we live.” (2012 NATIONAL PRESS PHOTOGRAPHERS ASSOCIATION)

Code of Ethics –

Visual journalists and those who manage visual news productions are accountable for upholding the following standards in their daily work:

  1. Be accurate and comprehensive in the representation of subjects.
  2. Resist being manipulated by staged photo opportunities.
  3. Be complete and provide context when photographing or recording subjects. Avoid stereotyping individuals and groups. Recognize and work to avoid presenting one’s own biases in the work.
  4. Treat all subjects with respect and dignity. Give special consideration to vulnerable subjects and compassion to victims of crime or tragedy. Intrude on private moments of grief only when the public has an overriding and justifiable need to see.
  5. While photographing subjects do not intentionally contribute to, alter, or seek to alter or influence events.
  6. Editing should maintain the integrity of the photographic images’ content and context. Do not manipulate images or add or alter sound in any way that can mislead viewers or misrepresent subjects.
  7. Do not pay sources or subjects or reward them materially for information or participation.
  8. Do not accept gifts, favors, or compensation from those who might seek to influence coverage.
  9. Do not intentionally sabotage the efforts of other journalists.

Ideally, visual journalists should:

  1. Strive to ensure that the public’s business is conducted in public. Defend the rights of access for all journalists.
  2. Think proactively, as a student of psychology, sociology, politics and art to develop a unique vision and presentation. Work with a voracious appetite for current events and contemporary visual media.
  3. Strive for total and unrestricted access to subjects, recommend alternatives to shallow or rushed opportunities, seek a diversity of viewpoints, and work to show unpopular or unnoticed points of view.
  4. Avoid political, civic and business involvements or other employment that compromise or give the appearance of compromising one’s own journalistic independence.
  5. Strive to be unobtrusive and humble in dealing with subjects.
  6. Respect the integrity of the photographic moment.
  7. Strive by example and influence to maintain the spirit and high standards expressed in this code. When confronted with situations in which the proper action is not clear, seek the counsel of those who exhibit the highest standards of the profession. Visual journalists should continuously study their craft and the ethics that guide it.

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Why have a code of ethics? – Well, having a code of ethics keeps the respect of the people and makes sure no one responds in a negative way to the media approaching them in a blunt and rude manner.  It can save the media group from a lot of backfire and hate coming from the people who are being documented.

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-This image shows conflict and destruction in an undefined place, but it also shows the people overcoming this tragedy.  It shows this with the man jumping over the destroyed buildings and rubble, symbolizing they will rebuild and get over this slump.